Cancer rates climb among Americans under 50 with breast and colon leading

While cancer in people under 50 remains uncommon, new data shows it's becoming increasingly prevalent — especially in breast, colorectal, kidney, and uterine cancers.

An extensive study of over 2 million cancer cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in individuals aged 15 to 49 found rising trends in 14 out of 33 cancer types. Alarmingly, women made up nearly two-thirds of early-onset cancer cases.

"This kind of pattern generally reflects something profound going on," said Tim Rebbeck, a cancer risk expert from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute who wasn't involved in the study. "We need to fund research that will help us understand."

Obesity, screening shifts, and lifestyle may play a role

The study revealed thousands of additional cancer cases in 2019 compared to expectations based on 2010 rates: around 4,800 more breast cancer diagnoses, 2,000 extra colorectal cases, 1,800 more kidney cancers, and 1,200 additional uterine cancers.

Fortunately, most cancer-related death rates in younger adults remained stable — though deaths from colorectal, uterine, and testicular cancers did show an uptick.

Experts believe rising obesity rates could be a major contributing factor.

"Several of these cancer types are known to be associated with excess body weight," said lead researcher Meredith Shiels.

Delayed childbirth, reduced breastfeeding, and improved cancer screening technologies might also explain some increases.

However, not all trends are negative — rates for more than a dozen cancer types, including lung and prostate cancers, have declined, likely due to lower smoking rates and changes in screening recommendations.

As scientists prepare for a major summit to explore these concerning trends, one thing is clear: understanding what's fueling the rise in early-onset cancers has never been more urgent.

Everyday foods that may protect against cancer

Some researchers also point to modifiable lifestyle factors that may help reduce cancer risk.

A recent study found that long-term yogurt consumption — especially as part of a regular breakfast — may lower the incidence of certain types of colon cancer.

In addition, antioxidant-rich foods like spinach, legumes, and avocado are being explored for their potential protective effects.

Meanwhile, growing evidence links even small daily amounts of alcohol, such as red wine, to a measurable increase in overall cancer risk.

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